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Vulnerability record · CVE-2025-55234 · published 9 September 2025

CVE-2025-55234: Microsoft windows 10 1507 improper authentication vulnerability

Microsoft · Windows 10 1507

SMB Server might be susceptible to relay attacks depending on the configuration. An attacker who successfully exploited these vulnerabilities could perform relay attacks and make the users subject to elevation of privilege attacks. The SMB Server already supports mechanisms for hardening against relay attacks: SMB Server signing SMB Server Extended Protection for Authentication (EPA) Microsoft is releasing this CVE to provide customers with audit capabilities to help them to assess their environment and to identify any potential device or software incompatibility issues before deploying SMB Server hardening measures that protect against relay attacks. If you have not already enabled SMB Server hardening measures, we advise customers to take the following actions to be protected from these relay attacks: Assess your environment by utilizing the audit capabilities that we are exposing in the September 2025 security updates. See Support for Audit Events to deploy SMB Server Hardening—SMB Server Signing & SMB Server EPA. Adopt appropriate SMB Server hardening measures.

9.8 CVSS 3.1 Critical EPSS 20% · top 2.6% CWE-287 · Improper authentication
9.8CVSS 3.1 base score
20%EPSS exploitation probability, 30 days
NoNot in CISA KEV
15Affected product versions listed by NVD
3References
17 Jun 2026Last modified by NVD

Description

SMB Server might be susceptible to relay attacks depending on the configuration. An attacker who successfully exploited these vulnerabilities could perform relay attacks and make the users subject to elevation of privilege attacks. The SMB Server already supports mechanisms for hardening against relay attacks: SMB Server signing SMB Server Extended Protection for Authentication (EPA) Microsoft is releasing this CVE to provide customers with audit capabilities to help them to assess their environment and to identify any potential device or software incompatibility issues before deploying SMB Server hardening measures that protect against relay attacks. If you have not already enabled SMB Server hardening measures, we advise customers to take the following actions to be protected from these relay attacks: Assess your environment by utilizing the audit capabilities that we are exposing in the September 2025 security updates. See Support for Audit Events to deploy SMB Server Hardening—SMB Server Signing & SMB Server EPA. Adopt appropriate SMB Server hardening measures.

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Affected products

15 vulnerable configurations from NVD's CPE data, grouped by vendor and product.

References

LinkTags
https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-55234 Vendor Advisory
https://www.vicarius.io/vsociety/posts/cve-2025-55234-detection-script-smb-server-vulnerability-affecting-microsoft-syst
https://www.vicarius.io/vsociety/posts/cve-2025-55234-mitigation-script-smb-server-vulnerability-affecting-microsoft-sys

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Same products first, then exploited flaws of the same weakness class.

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Source: NIST National Vulnerability Database (record CVE-2025-55234), CISA KEV, FIRST EPSS (scores of 2026-09-27). This page is refreshed as NVD updates the record.