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Vulnerability record · CVE-2025-30356 · published 1 April 2025

CVE-2025-30356: Nasa cryptolib out-of-bounds write vulnerability

NNasa · Cryptolib

CryptoLib provides a software-only solution using the CCSDS Space Data Link Security Protocol - Extended Procedures (SDLS-EP) to secure communications between a spacecraft running the core Flight System (cFS) and a ground station. In 1.3.3 and earlier, a heap buffer overflow vulnerability persists in the Crypto_TC_ApplySecurity function due to an incomplete validation check on the fl (frame length) field. Although CVE-2025-29912 addressed an underflow issue involving fl, the patch fails to fully prevent unsafe calculations. As a result, an attacker can still craft malicious frames that cause a negative tf_payload_len, which is then interpreted as a large unsigned value, leading to a heap buffer overflow in a memcpy call.

9.3 CVSS 4.0 Critical EPSS 0.65% · top 51.1% CWE-191 · CWE-191CWE-787 · Out-of-bounds write
9.3CVSS 4.0 base score
0.65%EPSS exploitation probability, 30 days
NoNot in CISA KEV
1Affected product versions listed by NVD
3References, 2 tagged exploit
17 Jun 2026Last modified by NVD

Description

CryptoLib provides a software-only solution using the CCSDS Space Data Link Security Protocol - Extended Procedures (SDLS-EP) to secure communications between a spacecraft running the core Flight System (cFS) and a ground station. In 1.3.3 and earlier, a heap buffer overflow vulnerability persists in the Crypto_TC_ApplySecurity function due to an incomplete validation check on the fl (frame length) field. Although CVE-2025-29912 addressed an underflow issue involving fl, the patch fails to fully prevent unsafe calculations. As a result, an attacker can still craft malicious frames that cause a negative tf_payload_len, which is then interpreted as a large unsigned value, leading to a heap buffer overflow in a memcpy call.

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:

Affected products

1 vulnerable configurations from NVD's CPE data, grouped by vendor and product.

References

LinkTags
https://github.com/nasa/CryptoLib/commit/59d1bce7608c94c6131ef4877535075b0649799c Patch
https://github.com/nasa/CryptoLib/security/advisories/GHSA-6w2x-w7w3-85w2 ExploitVendor Advisory
https://github.com/nasa/CryptoLib/security/advisories/GHSA-6w2x-w7w3-85w2 ExploitVendor Advisory

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Related vulnerabilities

Same products first, then exploited flaws of the same weakness class.

9.9CVE-2025-46673Nasa cryptolib improper control of dynamically-managed code vulnerabilityNASA CryptoLib before 1.3.2 does not check whether the SA is in an operational state before use, possibly leading to a bypass of the Space Data Link …EPSS 0.50%9.9CVE-2025-46674Nasa cryptolib vulnerabilityNASA CryptoLib before 1.3.2 uses Extended Procedures that are a Work in Progress (not intended for use during flight), potentially leading to a keyst…EPSS 0.60%9.1CVE-2025-30216Nasa cryptolib heap-based buffer overflow vulnerabilityCryptoLib provides a software-only solution using the CCSDS Space Data Link Security Protocol - Extended Procedures (SDLS-EP) to secure communication…EPSS 2.7%8.9CVE-2025-29911Nasa cryptolib heap-based buffer overflow vulnerabilityCryptoLib provides a software-only solution using the CCSDS Space Data Link Security Protocol - Extended Procedures (SDLS-EP) to secure communication…EPSS 0.74%8.9CVE-2025-29912Nasa cryptolib heap-based buffer overflow vulnerabilityCryptoLib provides a software-only solution using the CCSDS Space Data Link Security Protocol - Extended Procedures (SDLS-EP) to secure communication…EPSS 1.1%8.9CVE-2025-29913Nasa cryptolib out-of-bounds read vulnerabilityCryptoLib provides a software-only solution using the CCSDS Space Data Link Security Protocol - Extended Procedures (SDLS-EP) to secure communication…EPSS 0.72%8.9CVE-2025-29909Nasa cryptolib out-of-bounds write vulnerabilityCryptoLib provides a software-only solution using the CCSDS Space Data Link Security Protocol - Extended Procedures (SDLS-EP) to secure communication…EPSS 1.1%8.8CVE-2025-64096Nasa cryptolib stack-based buffer overflow vulnerabilityCryptoLib provides a software-only solution using the CCSDS Space Data Link Security Protocol - Extended Procedures (SDLS-EP) to secure communication…EPSS 0.48%

Source: NIST National Vulnerability Database (record CVE-2025-30356), CISA KEV, FIRST EPSS (scores of 2026-09-27). This page is refreshed as NVD updates the record.