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Vulnerability record · CVE-2025-29912 · published 17 March 2025

CVE-2025-29912: Nasa cryptolib heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability

NNasa · Cryptolib

CryptoLib provides a software-only solution using the CCSDS Space Data Link Security Protocol - Extended Procedures (SDLS-EP) to secure communications between a spacecraft running the core Flight System (cFS) and a ground station. In versions 1.3.3 and prior, an unsigned integer underflow in the `Crypto_TC_ProcessSecurity` function of CryptoLib leads to a heap buffer overflow. The vulnerability is triggered when the `fl` (frame length) field in a Telecommand (TC) packet is set to 0. This underflow causes the frame length to be interpreted as 65535, resulting in out-of-bounds memory access. This critical vulnerability can be exploited to cause a denial of service (DoS) or potentially achieve remote code execution. Users of CryptoLib are advised to apply the recommended patch or avoid processing untrusted TC packets until a fix is available.

8.9 CVSS 4.0 High EPSS 1.1% · top 35.1% CWE-122 · Heap-based buffer overflowCWE-191 · CWE-191
8.9CVSS 4.0 base score
1.1%EPSS exploitation probability, 30 days
NoNot in CISA KEV
1Affected product versions listed by NVD
2References, 1 tagged exploit
17 Jun 2026Last modified by NVD

Description

CryptoLib provides a software-only solution using the CCSDS Space Data Link Security Protocol - Extended Procedures (SDLS-EP) to secure communications between a spacecraft running the core Flight System (cFS) and a ground station. In versions 1.3.3 and prior, an unsigned integer underflow in the `Crypto_TC_ProcessSecurity` function of CryptoLib leads to a heap buffer overflow. The vulnerability is triggered when the `fl` (frame length) field in a Telecommand (TC) packet is set to 0. This underflow causes the frame length to be interpreted as 65535, resulting in out-of-bounds memory access. This critical vulnerability can be exploited to cause a denial of service (DoS) or potentially achieve remote code execution. Users of CryptoLib are advised to apply the recommended patch or avoid processing untrusted TC packets until a fix is available.

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:

Affected products

1 vulnerable configurations from NVD's CPE data, grouped by vendor and product.

References

LinkTags
https://github.com/nasa/CryptoLib/commit/ca39cb96f21e76102aefb956d2c8c0ba0bd143ca Patch
https://github.com/nasa/CryptoLib/security/advisories/GHSA-3f5x-r59x-p8cf ExploitVendor Advisory

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Related vulnerabilities

Same products first, then exploited flaws of the same weakness class.

9.9CVE-2025-46673Nasa cryptolib improper control of dynamically-managed code vulnerabilityNASA CryptoLib before 1.3.2 does not check whether the SA is in an operational state before use, possibly leading to a bypass of the Space Data Link …EPSS 0.50%9.9CVE-2025-46674Nasa cryptolib vulnerabilityNASA CryptoLib before 1.3.2 uses Extended Procedures that are a Work in Progress (not intended for use during flight), potentially leading to a keyst…EPSS 0.60%9.3CVE-2025-30356Nasa cryptolib out-of-bounds write vulnerabilityCryptoLib provides a software-only solution using the CCSDS Space Data Link Security Protocol - Extended Procedures (SDLS-EP) to secure communication…EPSS 0.65%9.1CVE-2025-30216Nasa cryptolib heap-based buffer overflow vulnerabilityCryptoLib provides a software-only solution using the CCSDS Space Data Link Security Protocol - Extended Procedures (SDLS-EP) to secure communication…EPSS 2.7%8.9CVE-2025-29911Nasa cryptolib heap-based buffer overflow vulnerabilityCryptoLib provides a software-only solution using the CCSDS Space Data Link Security Protocol - Extended Procedures (SDLS-EP) to secure communication…EPSS 0.74%8.9CVE-2025-29913Nasa cryptolib out-of-bounds read vulnerabilityCryptoLib provides a software-only solution using the CCSDS Space Data Link Security Protocol - Extended Procedures (SDLS-EP) to secure communication…EPSS 0.72%8.9CVE-2025-29909Nasa cryptolib out-of-bounds write vulnerabilityCryptoLib provides a software-only solution using the CCSDS Space Data Link Security Protocol - Extended Procedures (SDLS-EP) to secure communication…EPSS 1.1%8.8CVE-2025-64096Nasa cryptolib stack-based buffer overflow vulnerabilityCryptoLib provides a software-only solution using the CCSDS Space Data Link Security Protocol - Extended Procedures (SDLS-EP) to secure communication…EPSS 0.48%

Source: NIST National Vulnerability Database (record CVE-2025-29912), CISA KEV, FIRST EPSS (scores of 2026-09-26). This page is refreshed as NVD updates the record.