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Vulnerability record · CVE-2026-54626 · published 17 September 2026

CVE-2026-54626: Heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability

SAIL is a cross-platform library for loading and saving images with support for animation, metadata, and ICC profiles. In 0.9.10 and earlier, the TGA_INDEXED_RLE path selected by image_type == 9 allocates an image buffer using the one-byte-per-pixel SAIL_PIXEL_FORMAT_BPP8_INDEXED format returned by tga_private_sail_pixel_format() in src/sail-codecs/tga/helpers.c, while sail_codec_load_frame_v8_tga() in src/sail-codecs/tga/tga.c derives a two-to-four-byte pixel_size from an attacker-controlled header bpp value from 9 through 32. Loading a crafted color-mapped run-length-encoded TGA through sail_load_from_file() or sail_load_from_memory() therefore writes attacker-controlled bytes beyond the heap pixel buffer. The pixel-count clamp added for CVE-2026-40494 does not constrain the per-pixel write width, so this issue is an incomplete fix of that vulnerability and can cause heap corruption, a reliable crash, or potential code execution. This issue is fixed in version 1.0.0.

9.8 CVSS 3.1 Critical EPSS 0.78% · top 46.0% CWE-122 · Heap-based buffer overflowCWE-787 · Out-of-bounds write Deferred
9.8CVSS 3.1 base score
0.78%EPSS exploitation probability, 30 days
NoNot in CISA KEV
0Affected product versions listed by NVD
4References
24 Sep 2026Last modified by NVD

Description

SAIL is a cross-platform library for loading and saving images with support for animation, metadata, and ICC profiles. In 0.9.10 and earlier, the TGA_INDEXED_RLE path selected by image_type == 9 allocates an image buffer using the one-byte-per-pixel SAIL_PIXEL_FORMAT_BPP8_INDEXED format returned by tga_private_sail_pixel_format() in src/sail-codecs/tga/helpers.c, while sail_codec_load_frame_v8_tga() in src/sail-codecs/tga/tga.c derives a two-to-four-byte pixel_size from an attacker-controlled header bpp value from 9 through 32. Loading a crafted color-mapped run-length-encoded TGA through sail_load_from_file() or sail_load_from_memory() therefore writes attacker-controlled bytes beyond the heap pixel buffer. The pixel-count clamp added for CVE-2026-40494 does not constrain the per-pixel write width, so this issue is an incomplete fix of that vulnerability and can cause heap corruption, a reliable crash, or potential code execution. This issue is fixed in version 1.0.0.

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

References

LinkTags
https://github.com/HappySeaFox/sail/commit/fa24bceb93958ad665dbc3cf6b49a1079ab12559
https://github.com/HappySeaFox/sail/releases/tag/v1.0.0
https://github.com/HappySeaFox/sail/security/advisories/GHSA-744p-cqg2-m33h
https://github.com/HappySeaFox/sail/security/advisories/GHSA-744p-cqg2-m33h

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Source: NIST National Vulnerability Database (record CVE-2026-54626), CISA KEV, FIRST EPSS (scores of 2026-09-26). This page is refreshed as NVD updates the record.