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Vulnerability record · CVE-2026-40492 · published 18 April 2026

CVE-2026-40492: Out-of-bounds write vulnerability

SAIL is a cross-platform library for loading and saving images with support for animation, metadata, and ICC profiles. Prior to commit 36aa5c7ec8a2bb35f6fb867a1177a6f141156b02, the XWD codec resolves pixel format based on `pixmap_depth` but the byte-swap code uses `bits_per_pixel` independently. When `pixmap_depth=8` (BPP8_INDEXED, 1 byte/pixel buffer) but `bits_per_pixel=32`, the byte-swap loop accesses memory as `uint32_t*`, reading/writing 4x the allocated buffer size. This is a different vulnerability from the previously reported GHSA-3g38-x2pj-mv55 (CVE-2026-27168), which addressed `bytes_per_line` validation. Commit 36aa5c7ec8a2bb35f6fb867a1177a6f141156b02 contains a patch.

9.8 CVSS 3.1 Critical EPSS 0.55% · top 56.0% CWE-787 · Out-of-bounds write Deferred
9.8CVSS 3.1 base score
0.55%EPSS exploitation probability, 30 days
NoNot in CISA KEV
0Affected product versions listed by NVD
3References
17 Jun 2026Last modified by NVD

Description

SAIL is a cross-platform library for loading and saving images with support for animation, metadata, and ICC profiles. Prior to commit 36aa5c7ec8a2bb35f6fb867a1177a6f141156b02, the XWD codec resolves pixel format based on `pixmap_depth` but the byte-swap code uses `bits_per_pixel` independently. When `pixmap_depth=8` (BPP8_INDEXED, 1 byte/pixel buffer) but `bits_per_pixel=32`, the byte-swap loop accesses memory as `uint32_t*`, reading/writing 4x the allocated buffer size. This is a different vulnerability from the previously reported GHSA-3g38-x2pj-mv55 (CVE-2026-27168), which addressed `bytes_per_line` validation. Commit 36aa5c7ec8a2bb35f6fb867a1177a6f141156b02 contains a patch.

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

References

LinkTags
https://github.com/HappySeaFox/sail/commit/36aa5c7ec8a2bb35f6fb867a1177a6f141156b02
https://github.com/HappySeaFox/sail/security/advisories/GHSA-526v-vm72-4v64
https://github.com/HappySeaFox/sail/security/advisories/GHSA-526v-vm72-4v64

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Source: NIST National Vulnerability Database (record CVE-2026-40492), CISA KEV, FIRST EPSS (scores of 2026-09-28). This page is refreshed as NVD updates the record.