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Vulnerability record · CVE-2026-33895 · published 27 March 2026

CVE-2026-33895: Digitalbazaar forge improper verification of cryptographic signature vulnerability

Digitalbazaar · Forge

Forge (also called `node-forge`) is a native implementation of Transport Layer Security in JavaScript. Prior to version 1.4.0, Ed25519 signature verification accepts forged non-canonical signatures where the scalar S is not reduced modulo the group order (`S >= L`). A valid signature and its `S + L` variant both verify in forge, while Node.js `crypto.verify` (OpenSSL-backed) rejects the `S + L` variant, as defined by the specification. This class of signature malleability has been exploited in practice to bypass authentication and authorization logic (see CVE-2026-25793, CVE-2022-35961). Applications relying on signature uniqueness (i.e., dedup by signature bytes, replay tracking, signed-object canonicalization checks) may be bypassed. Version 1.4.0 patches the issue.

7.5 CVSS 3.1 High EPSS 0.47% · top 61.6% CWE-347 · Improper verification of cryptographic signature
7.5CVSS 3.1 base score
0.47%EPSS exploitation probability, 30 days
NoNot in CISA KEV
1Affected product versions listed by NVD
11References
4 Sep 2026Last modified by NVD

Description

Forge (also called `node-forge`) is a native implementation of Transport Layer Security in JavaScript. Prior to version 1.4.0, Ed25519 signature verification accepts forged non-canonical signatures where the scalar S is not reduced modulo the group order (`S >= L`). A valid signature and its `S + L` variant both verify in forge, while Node.js `crypto.verify` (OpenSSL-backed) rejects the `S + L` variant, as defined by the specification. This class of signature malleability has been exploited in practice to bypass authentication and authorization logic (see CVE-2026-25793, CVE-2022-35961). Applications relying on signature uniqueness (i.e., dedup by signature bytes, replay tracking, signed-object canonicalization checks) may be bypassed. Version 1.4.0 patches the issue.

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N

Affected products

1 vulnerable configurations from NVD's CPE data, grouped by vendor and product.

References

LinkTags
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8032#section-8.4 Third Party Advisory
https://github.com/digitalbazaar/forge/commit/bdecf11571c9f1a487cc0fe72fe78ff6dfa96b85 Patch
https://github.com/digitalbazaar/forge/security/advisories/GHSA-q67f-28xg-22rw Vendor Advisory
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:13826
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:24761
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:34342
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:9742
https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-33895
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2452457
https://github.com/digitalbazaar/forge/security/advisories/GHSA-q67f-28xg-22rw Vendor Advisory
https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-33895.json

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Related vulnerabilities

Same products first, then exploited flaws of the same weakness class.

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Source: NIST National Vulnerability Database (record CVE-2026-33895), CISA KEV, FIRST EPSS (scores of 2026-09-27). This page is refreshed as NVD updates the record.