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Vulnerability record · CVE-2026-31413 · published 12 April 2026

CVE-2026-31413: Linux kernel out-of-bounds read vulnerability

Linux · Linux Kernel

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: bpf: Fix unsound scalar forking in maybe_fork_scalars() for BPF_OR maybe_fork_scalars() is called for both BPF_AND and BPF_OR when the source operand is a constant. When dst has signed range [-1, 0], it forks the verifier state: the pushed path gets dst = 0, the current path gets dst = -1. For BPF_AND this is correct: 0 & K == 0. For BPF_OR this is wrong: 0 | K == K, not 0. The pushed path therefore tracks dst as 0 when the runtime value is K, producing an exploitable verifier/runtime divergence that allows out-of-bounds map access. Fix this by passing env->insn_idx (instead of env->insn_idx + 1) to push_stack(), so the pushed path re-executes the ALU instruction with dst = 0 and naturally computes the correct result for any opcode.

7.8 CVSS 3.1 High EPSS 0.18% · top 93.8% CWE-125 · Out-of-bounds read
7.8CVSS 3.1 base score
0.18%EPSS exploitation probability, 30 days
NoNot in CISA KEV
1Affected product versions listed by NVD
4References
17 Jun 2026Last modified by NVD

Description

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: bpf: Fix unsound scalar forking in maybe_fork_scalars() for BPF_OR maybe_fork_scalars() is called for both BPF_AND and BPF_OR when the source operand is a constant. When dst has signed range [-1, 0], it forks the verifier state: the pushed path gets dst = 0, the current path gets dst = -1. For BPF_AND this is correct: 0 & K == 0. For BPF_OR this is wrong: 0 | K == K, not 0. The pushed path therefore tracks dst as 0 when the runtime value is K, producing an exploitable verifier/runtime divergence that allows out-of-bounds map access. Fix this by passing env->insn_idx (instead of env->insn_idx + 1) to push_stack(), so the pushed path re-executes the ALU instruction with dst = 0 and naturally computes the correct result for any opcode.

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Affected products

1 vulnerable configurations from NVD's CPE data, grouped by vendor and product.

References

LinkTags
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/342aa1ee995ef5bbf876096dc3a5e51218d76fa4 Patch
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/58bd87d0e69204dbd739e4387a1edb0c4b1644e7 Patch
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c845894ebd6fb43226b3118d6b017942550910c5 Patch
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d13281ae7ea8902b21d99d10a2c8caf0bdec0455 Patch

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Source: NIST National Vulnerability Database (record CVE-2026-31413), CISA KEV, FIRST EPSS (scores of 2026-09-26). This page is refreshed as NVD updates the record.