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Vulnerability record · CVE-2025-71408 · published 24 July 2026

CVE-2025-71408: Nltk vulnerability

Nltk · Nltk

NLTK (Natural Language Toolkit) before version 3.9.3 contains an eval injection vulnerability in the nltk.collocations module that allows an attacker who controls command-line arguments to execute arbitrary Python code. When collocations.py is invoked directly, the __main__ block passes command-line arguments directly to eval() as suffixes of BigramAssocMeasures without allowlist validation or sanitization, enabling an attacker to supply a Python expression that escapes the intended attribute lookup and executes arbitrary code including OS commands via the os module.

8.5 CVSS 4.0 High EPSS 0.27% · top 83.5% CWE-95 · CWE-95
8.5CVSS 4.0 base score
0.27%EPSS exploitation probability, 30 days
NoNot in CISA KEV
1Affected product versions listed by NVD
5References, 1 tagged exploit
10 Aug 2026Last modified by NVD

Description

NLTK (Natural Language Toolkit) before version 3.9.3 contains an eval injection vulnerability in the nltk.collocations module that allows an attacker who controls command-line arguments to execute arbitrary Python code. When collocations.py is invoked directly, the __main__ block passes command-line arguments directly to eval() as suffixes of BigramAssocMeasures without allowlist validation or sanitization, enabling an attacker to supply a Python expression that escapes the intended attribute lookup and executes arbitrary code including OS commands via the os module.

CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:

Affected products

1 vulnerable configurations from NVD's CPE data, grouped by vendor and product.

References

LinkTags
https://aydinnyunus.github.io/2026/06/07/command-injection-nltk-collocations-eval/ ExploitPress/Media CoverageThird Party Advisory
https://github.com/nltk/nltk/commit/66f14096d952ec8f04934f515e027534bd4eb0ac Patch
https://github.com/nltk/nltk/pull/3465 Issue TrackingPatch
https://github.com/nltk/nltk/releases/tag/3.9.3 Release Notes
https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/nltk-eval-injection-via-collocations-py-command-line-arguments PatchThird Party Advisory

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Related vulnerabilities

Same products first, then exploited flaws of the same weakness class.

10.0CVE-2026-0848Nltk improper input validation vulnerabilityNLTK versions <=3.9.2 are vulnerable to arbitrary code execution due to improper input validation in the StanfordSegmenter module. The module dynamic…EPSS 0.81%9.4CVE-2026-78683Nltk deserialization of untrusted data vulnerabilityNLTK before 3.10.0 (affected versions <=3.9.4) contains an unsafe pickle deserialization vulnerability in the TransitionParser.parse() method (nltk/p…EPSS 0.51%9.3CVE-2026-79675Nltk argument injection vulnerabilityNLTK before 3.10.3 fails to validate JVM options passed through the per-call options parameter in the java() function, allowing attackers to inject d…EPSS 0.78%9.3CVE-2026-79657Nltk deserialization of untrusted data vulnerabilityNLTK versions before 3.10.3 contain a remote code execution vulnerability in allowlisted pickle loaders that trust entire module namespaces instead o…EPSS 1.3%8.8CVE-2026-79674Nltk vulnerabilityNLTK versions before 3.10.3 contain a path sandbox bypass vulnerability in corpus-reader constructors that allows attackers to read files outside the…EPSS 0.39%8.8CVE-2025-14009Nltk code injection vulnerabilityA critical vulnerability exists in the NLTK downloader component of nltk/nltk, affecting all versions. The _unzip_iter function in nltk/downloader.py…EPSS 0.95%8.7CVE-2026-81722Nltk vulnerabilitynltk PorterStemmer in versions <= 3.10.2 (fixed in 3.10.3) contains an inefficient-algorithmic-complexity denial of service in PorterStemmer.stem(). …EPSS 0.52%8.7CVE-2026-80205Nltk inefficient regular expression (redos) vulnerabilityNLTK versions before 3.10.0 contain a regular expression denial of service vulnerability in Text.findall() and TokenSearcher.findall() methods that a…EPSS 0.65%

Source: NIST National Vulnerability Database (record CVE-2025-71408), CISA KEV, FIRST EPSS (scores of 2026-09-27). This page is refreshed as NVD updates the record.