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Vulnerability record · CVE-2025-65026 · published 19 November 2025

CVE-2025-65026: Esm.sh code injection vulnerability

Esm · Esm.Sh

esm.sh is a nobuild content delivery network(CDN) for modern web development. Prior to version 136, The esm.sh CDN service contains a Template Literal Injection vulnerability (CWE-94) in its CSS-to-JavaScript module conversion feature. When a CSS file is requested with the ?module query parameter, esm.sh converts it to a JavaScript module by embedding the CSS content directly into a template literal without proper sanitization. An attacker can inject malicious JavaScript code using ${...} expressions within CSS files, which will execute when the module is imported by victim applications. This enables Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) in browsers and Remote Code Execution (RCE) in Electron applications. This issue has been patched in version 136.

9.6 CVSS 3.1 Critical EPSS 0.48% · top 61.1% CWE-94 · Code injectionCWE-79 · Cross-site scripting
9.6CVSS 3.1 base score
0.48%EPSS exploitation probability, 30 days
NoNot in CISA KEV
1Affected product versions listed by NVD
3References, 2 tagged exploit
17 Jun 2026Last modified by NVD

Description

esm.sh is a nobuild content delivery network(CDN) for modern web development. Prior to version 136, The esm.sh CDN service contains a Template Literal Injection vulnerability (CWE-94) in its CSS-to-JavaScript module conversion feature. When a CSS file is requested with the ?module query parameter, esm.sh converts it to a JavaScript module by embedding the CSS content directly into a template literal without proper sanitization. An attacker can inject malicious JavaScript code using ${...} expressions within CSS files, which will execute when the module is imported by victim applications. This enables Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) in browsers and Remote Code Execution (RCE) in Electron applications. This issue has been patched in version 136.

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

Affected products

1 vulnerable configurations from NVD's CPE data, grouped by vendor and product.

References

LinkTags
https://github.com/esm-dev/esm.sh/commit/87d2f6497574bf4448641a5527a3ac2beba5fd6c Patch
https://github.com/esm-dev/esm.sh/security/advisories/GHSA-hcpf-qv9m-vfgp ExploitVendor Advisory
https://github.com/esm-dev/esm.sh/security/advisories/GHSA-hcpf-qv9m-vfgp ExploitVendor Advisory

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Related vulnerabilities

Same products first, then exploited flaws of the same weakness class.

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Source: NIST National Vulnerability Database (record CVE-2025-65026), CISA KEV, FIRST EPSS (scores of 2026-09-26). This page is refreshed as NVD updates the record.