Vulnerability record · CVE-2025-62004 · published 18 December 2025

CVE-2025-62004: Bullwall server intrusion protection toctou race condition vulnerability

Bullwall · Server Intrusion Protection

BullWall Server Intrusion Protection (SIP) services are initialized after login services during system startup. A local, authenticated attacker can log in after boot and before SIP MFA is running. The SIP services do not retroactively enforce MFA or disconnect sessions that were not subject to SIP MFA. Versions 4.6.0.0, 4.6.0.6, 4.6.0.7, and 4.6.1.4 are affected. Other versions mayy also be affected. BullWall plans to improve detection method documentation.

7.7 CVSS 4.0 High EPSS 0.31% · top 79.0% CWE-367 · TOCTOU race condition

7.7CVSS 4.0 base score

0.31%EPSS exploitation probability, 30 days

NoNot in CISA KEV

1Affected product versions listed by NVD

2References

17 Jun 2026Last modified by NVD

Description

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:

Affected products

1 vulnerable configurations from NVD's CPE data, grouped by vendor and product.

Server Intrusion Protection Bullwall

References

Link	Tags
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/cisagov/CSAF/develop/csaf_files/IT/white/2025/va-25-352-01.json	Broken Link
https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-62004	Third Party Advisory

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Related vulnerabilities

Same products first, then exploited flaws of the same weakness class.

7.7CVE-2025-62003Bullwall server intrusion protection toctou race condition vulnerabilityBullWall Server Intrusion Protection has a noticeable configuration-dependent delay before the MFA check for RDP connections. A remote, authenticated…EPSS 0.34%18 Dec 2025 5.1CVE-2015-3246libuser userhelper direct /etc/passwd write race conditionlibuser before 0.56.13-8 and 0.60 before 0.60-7, as used by the userhelper program in the usermode package, modifies /etc/passwd directly instead of …KEVEPSS 8.8%analysed11 Aug 2015 7.8CVE-2025-38352Linux kernel POSIX CPU timer TOCTOU race enables local privilege escalationA time-of-check to time-of-use race exists in the Linux kernel between handle_posix_cpu_timers() and posix_cpu_timer_del(). When an exiting non-autor…KEVEPSS 1.3%analysed22 Jul 2025 8.2CVE-2025-22224VMware ESXi and Workstation TOCTOU race leads to out-of-bounds writeVMware ESXi, Workstation, and related products contain a TOCTOU race condition that results in an out-of-bounds write. An attacker with local adminis…KEVEPSS 1.6%analysed4 Mar 2025 7.0CVE-2024-30088Windows Kernel TOCTOU race condition privilege escalationCVE-2024-30088 is a time-of-check time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition in the Windows kernel that allows a local user to elevate privileges. It affect…KEVEPSS 68%analysed11 Jun 2024 7.0CVE-2022-48618Apple OS Pointer Authentication Bypass via TOCTOU Race ConditionA time-of-check time-of-use race condition in Apple's pointer authentication implementation allows an attacker who already holds arbitrary read and w…KEVEPSS 0.49%analysed9 Jan 2024 8.8CVE-2023-35311Microsoft Outlook security feature bypass via TOCTOU race conditionCVE-2023-35311 is a security feature bypass in Microsoft Outlook caused by a time-of-check time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition (CWE-367). It affects …KEVEPSS 16%analysed11 Jul 2023

Source: NIST National Vulnerability Database (record CVE-2025-62004), CISA KEV, FIRST EPSS (scores of 2026-09-26). This page is refreshed as NVD updates the record.