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Vulnerability record · CVE-2025-46407 · published 25 August 2025

CVE-2025-46407: Sail vulnerability

Sail · Sail

A memory corruption vulnerability exists in the BMPv3 Palette Decoding functionality of the SAIL Image Decoding Library v0.9.8. When loading a specially crafted .bmp file, an integer overflow can be made to occur which will cause a heap-based buffer to overflow when reading the palette from the image. These conditions can allow for remote code execution. An attacker will need to convince the library to read a file to trigger this vulnerability.

8.8 CVSS 3.1 High EPSS 0.66% · top 50.3% CWE-680 · CWE-680
8.8CVSS 3.1 base score
0.66%EPSS exploitation probability, 30 days
NoNot in CISA KEV
1Affected product versions listed by NVD
2References, 1 tagged exploit
17 Jun 2026Last modified by NVD

Description

A memory corruption vulnerability exists in the BMPv3 Palette Decoding functionality of the SAIL Image Decoding Library v0.9.8. When loading a specially crafted .bmp file, an integer overflow can be made to occur which will cause a heap-based buffer to overflow when reading the palette from the image. These conditions can allow for remote code execution. An attacker will need to convince the library to read a file to trigger this vulnerability.

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Affected products

1 vulnerable configurations from NVD's CPE data, grouped by vendor and product.

References

LinkTags
https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2025-2215 ExploitThird Party Advisory
https://www.talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2025-2215

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Related vulnerabilities

Same products first, then exploited flaws of the same weakness class.

9.8CVE-2026-27168Sail heap-based buffer overflow vulnerabilitySAIL is a cross-platform library for loading and saving images with support for animation, metadata, and ICC profiles. All versions are vulnerable to…EPSS 0.66%8.8CVE-2025-53510Sail vulnerabilityA memory corruption vulnerability exists in the PSD Image Decoding functionality of the SAIL Image Decoding Library v0.9.8. When loading a specially …EPSS 0.69%8.8CVE-2025-52456Sail vulnerabilityA memory corruption vulnerability exists in the WebP Image Decoding functionality of the SAIL Image Decoding Library v0.9.8. When loading a specially…EPSS 0.86%8.8CVE-2025-52930Sail vulnerabilityA memory corruption vulnerability exists in the BMPv3 RLE Decoding functionality of the SAIL Image Decoding Library v0.9.8. When decompressing the im…EPSS 0.93%8.8CVE-2025-53085Sail heap-based buffer overflow vulnerabilityA memory corruption vulnerability exists in the PSD RLE Decoding functionality of the SAIL Image Decoding Library v0.9.8. When decompressing the imag…EPSS 0.93%8.8CVE-2025-35984Sail heap-based buffer overflow vulnerabilityA memory corruption vulnerability exists in the PCX Image Decoding functionality of the SAIL Image Decoding Library v0.9.8. When decoding the image d…EPSS 1.4%8.8CVE-2025-50129Sail heap-based buffer overflow vulnerabilityA memory corruption vulnerability exists in the PCX Image Decoding functionality of the SAIL Image Decoding Library v0.9.8. When decoding the image d…EPSS 0.93%8.8CVE-2025-32468Sail vulnerabilityA memory corruption vulnerability exists in the BMPv3 Image Decoding functionality of the SAIL Image Decoding Library v0.9.8. When loading a speciall…EPSS 0.86%

Source: NIST National Vulnerability Database (record CVE-2025-46407), CISA KEV, FIRST EPSS (scores of 2026-09-27). This page is refreshed as NVD updates the record.