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Vulnerability record · CVE-2025-41259 · published 3 June 2026

CVE-2025-41259: TOCTOU race condition vulnerability

SWUpdate before 2026.05 is affected by a time-of-check time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition that allows local unprivileged attackers to escalate privileges to root or install untrusted contents using a signed update.

7.3 CVSS 4.0 High EPSS 0.10% · top 99.2% CWE-367 · TOCTOU race condition Awaiting Analysis
7.3CVSS 4.0 base score
0.10%EPSS exploitation probability, 30 days
NoNot in CISA KEV
0Affected product versions listed by NVD
4References
22 Jul 2026Last modified by NVD

Description

SWUpdate before 2026.05 is affected by a time-of-check time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition that allows local unprivileged attackers to escalate privileges to root or install untrusted contents using a signed update.

CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:

References

LinkTags
https://github.com/sbabic/swupdate
https://github.com/sbabic/swupdate/commit/f4bd64260e233e207354d68d572b1cbc3e63689d
https://github.com/sbaresearch/advisories/tree/public/2025/SBA-ADV-20251206-01_SWUpdate_Untrusted_Script_Execution_via_S
https://github.com/sbaresearch/advisories/tree/public/2025/SBA-ADV-20251206-01_SWUpdate_Untrusted_Script_Execution_via_S

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Related vulnerabilities

Same products first, then exploited flaws of the same weakness class.

5.1CVE-2015-3246libuser userhelper direct /etc/passwd write race conditionlibuser before 0.56.13-8 and 0.60 before 0.60-7, as used by the userhelper program in the usermode package, modifies /etc/passwd directly instead of …KEVEPSS 8.8%analysed7.8CVE-2025-38352Linux kernel POSIX CPU timer TOCTOU race enables local privilege escalationA time-of-check to time-of-use race exists in the Linux kernel between handle_posix_cpu_timers() and posix_cpu_timer_del(). When an exiting non-autor…KEVEPSS 1.3%analysed8.2CVE-2025-22224VMware ESXi and Workstation TOCTOU race leads to out-of-bounds writeVMware ESXi, Workstation, and related products contain a TOCTOU race condition that results in an out-of-bounds write. An attacker with local adminis…KEVEPSS 1.6%analysed7.0CVE-2024-30088Windows Kernel TOCTOU race condition privilege escalationCVE-2024-30088 is a time-of-check time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition in the Windows kernel that allows a local user to elevate privileges. It affect…KEVEPSS 68%analysed7.0CVE-2022-48618Apple OS Pointer Authentication Bypass via TOCTOU Race ConditionA time-of-check time-of-use race condition in Apple's pointer authentication implementation allows an attacker who already holds arbitrary read and w…KEVEPSS 0.49%analysed8.8CVE-2023-35311Microsoft Outlook security feature bypass via TOCTOU race conditionCVE-2023-35311 is a security feature bypass in Microsoft Outlook caused by a time-of-check time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition (CWE-367). It affects …KEVEPSS 16%analysed

Source: NIST National Vulnerability Database (record CVE-2025-41259), CISA KEV, FIRST EPSS (scores of 2026-09-27). This page is refreshed as NVD updates the record.