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Vulnerability record · CVE-2025-24991 · published 11 March 2025

CVE-2025-24991: Windows NTFS out-of-bounds read allows local information disclosure

Microsoft · Windows 10 1507

Windows NTFS contains an out-of-bounds read (CWE-125) that lets an authorized attacker disclose information locally. The flaw is rated CVSS 3.1 5.5 (Medium) and affects a broad range of Windows client and server releases. Because it is listed in CISA KEV, defenders should treat it as actively exploited despite the modest severity score.

5.5 CVSS 3.1 Medium CISA KEV since 11 Mar 2025 EPSS 2.0% · top 20.3% CWE-125 · Out-of-bounds read
5.5CVSS 3.1 base score
2.0%EPSS exploitation probability, 30 days
YesIn CISA KEV, fix deadline passed
15Affected product versions listed by NVD
2References
17 Jun 2026Last modified by NVD

Description

Out-of-bounds read in Windows NTFS allows an authorized attacker to disclose information locally.

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

Automated analysis

Generated by VULONE's analysis model from the NVD record, CISA KEV and EPSS data on 17 September 2026. Confidence: medium.

high priorityIt is in CISA KEV with known exploitation, but the local vector, user interaction requirement and medium CVSS score limit its reach.

What it is

Windows NTFS contains an out-of-bounds read (CWE-125) that lets an authorized attacker disclose information locally. The flaw is rated CVSS 3.1 5.5 (Medium) and affects a broad range of Windows client and server releases. Because it is listed in CISA KEV, defenders should treat it as actively exploited despite the modest severity score.

Impact

An attacker who can run code on a target system can read memory beyond intended bounds, potentially exposing sensitive data such as kernel or file system contents. The vector shows high confidentiality impact with no integrity or availability effect.

Attack surface

The attack is local (AV:L) and requires user interaction (UI:R), with no privileges required (PR:N). It is reached by getting a user to open or process a crafted NTFS-related file or volume, not over the network.

Exploitation

CVE-2025-24991 was added to CISA KEV on 2025-03-11 with a remediation due date of 2025-04-01, indicating known exploitation. EPSS 30-day probability is about 2.0% (79th percentile), and no ransomware campaign use is documented.

What to do

  • Apply the Microsoft security update for CVE-2025-24991 across all affected Windows client and server versions.
  • Follow CISA BOD 22-01 guidance and the vendor's required actions; discontinue use of unsupported products if no patch is available.
  • Restrict user ability to mount or open untrusted NTFS images and removable media.
  • Prioritize patching internet-facing and high-value systems first, then complete fleet-wide remediation by the KEV due date.

Detection

  • Monitor for crashes or abnormal reads in NTFS-related processes (e.g., ntfs.sys) that may indicate malformed volume or file handling.
  • Audit and alert on mounting of untrusted disk images or removable media on endpoints and servers.
  • Track patch compliance for CVE-2025-24991 against the KEV due date and flag unpatched hosts.

This assessment is produced automatically and is not human-reviewed. Verify against the vendor advisory before acting on it.

Exploitation in the wild

CISA added CVE-2025-24991 to the Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog on 11 March 2025 as "Microsoft Windows NTFS Out-Of-Bounds Read Vulnerability". Required action: Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable. Federal deadline 1 April 2025.

Affected products

15 vulnerable configurations from NVD's CPE data, grouped by vendor and product.

References

LinkTags
https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-24991 Vendor Advisory
https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-24991 US Government Resource

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Source: NIST National Vulnerability Database (record CVE-2025-24991), CISA KEV, FIRST EPSS (scores of 2026-09-27). This page is refreshed as NVD updates the record.