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Vulnerability record · CVE-2023-41325 · published 15 September 2023

CVE-2023-41325: Trustedfirmware op-tee double free vulnerability

Trustedfirmware · Op Tee

OP-TEE is a Trusted Execution Environment (TEE) designed as companion to a non-secure Linux kernel running on Arm; Cortex-A cores using the TrustZone technology. Starting in version 3.20 and prior to version 3.22, `shdr_verify_signature` can make a double free. `shdr_verify_signature` used to verify a TA binary before it is loaded. To verify a signature of it, allocate a memory for RSA key. RSA key allocate function (`sw_crypto_acipher_alloc_rsa_public_key`) will try to allocate a memory (which is optee’s heap memory). RSA key is consist of exponent and modulus (represent as variable `e`, `n`) and it allocation is not atomic way, so it may succeed in `e` but fail in `n`. In this case sw_crypto_acipher_alloc_rsa_public_key` will free on `e` and return as it is failed but variable ‘e’ is remained as already freed memory address . `shdr_verify_signature` will free again that memory (which is `e`) even it is freed when it failed allocate RSA key. A patch is available in version 3.22. No known workarounds are available.

6.7 CVSS 3.1 Medium EPSS 0.39% · top 69.4% CWE-415 · Double free
6.7CVSS 3.1 base score
0.39%EPSS exploitation probability, 30 days
NoNot in CISA KEV
1Affected product versions listed by NVD
4References, 2 tagged exploit
17 Jun 2026Last modified by NVD

Description

OP-TEE is a Trusted Execution Environment (TEE) designed as companion to a non-secure Linux kernel running on Arm; Cortex-A cores using the TrustZone technology. Starting in version 3.20 and prior to version 3.22, `shdr_verify_signature` can make a double free. `shdr_verify_signature` used to verify a TA binary before it is loaded. To verify a signature of it, allocate a memory for RSA key. RSA key allocate function (`sw_crypto_acipher_alloc_rsa_public_key`) will try to allocate a memory (which is optee’s heap memory). RSA key is consist of exponent and modulus (represent as variable `e`, `n`) and it allocation is not atomic way, so it may succeed in `e` but fail in `n`. In this case sw_crypto_acipher_alloc_rsa_public_key` will free on `e` and return as it is failed but variable ‘e’ is remained as already freed memory address . `shdr_verify_signature` will free again that memory (which is `e`) even it is freed when it failed allocate RSA key. A patch is available in version 3.22. No known workarounds are available.

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Affected products

1 vulnerable configurations from NVD's CPE data, grouped by vendor and product.

References

LinkTags
https://github.com/OP-TEE/optee_os/commit/e2ec831cb07ed0099535c7c140cb6338aa62816a Patch
https://github.com/OP-TEE/optee_os/security/advisories/GHSA-jrw7-63cq-7vhm ExploitVendor Advisory
https://github.com/OP-TEE/optee_os/commit/e2ec831cb07ed0099535c7c140cb6338aa62816a Patch
https://github.com/OP-TEE/optee_os/security/advisories/GHSA-jrw7-63cq-7vhm ExploitVendor Advisory

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Related vulnerabilities

Same products first, then exploited flaws of the same weakness class.

9.8CVE-2019-1010292Trustedfirmware op-tee out-of-bounds write vulnerabilityLinaro/OP-TEE OP-TEE Prior to version v3.4.0 is affected by: Boundary checks. The impact is: This could lead to corruption of any memory which the TA…EPSS 1.6%9.8CVE-2019-1010293Trustedfirmware op-tee out-of-bounds write vulnerabilityLinaro/OP-TEE OP-TEE 3.3.0 and earlier is affected by: Boundary crossing. The impact is: Memory corruption of the TEE itself. The component is: optee…EPSS 1.6%9.8CVE-2019-1010298Trustedfirmware op-tee integer overflow vulnerabilityLinaro/OP-TEE OP-TEE 3.3.0 and earlier is affected by: Buffer Overflow. The impact is: Code execution in the context of TEE core (kernel). The compon…EPSS 3.9%9.8CVE-2019-1010296Trustedfirmware op-tee integer overflow vulnerabilityLinaro/OP-TEE OP-TEE 3.3.0 and earlier is affected by: Buffer Overflow. The impact is: Code execution in context of TEE core (kernel). The component …EPSS 2.8%9.8CVE-2019-1010297Trustedfirmware op-tee integer overflow vulnerabilityLinaro/OP-TEE OP-TEE 3.3.0 and earlier is affected by: Buffer Overflow. The impact is: Execution of code in TEE core (kernel) context. The component …EPSS 2.7%9.8CVE-2019-1010295Trustedfirmware op-tee improper input validation vulnerabilityLinaro/OP-TEE OP-TEE 3.3.0 and earlier is affected by: Buffer Overflow. The impact is: Memory corruption and disclosure of memory content. The compon…EPSS 1.6%9.1CVE-2019-25052Trustedfirmware op-tee broken cryptographic algorithm vulnerabilityIn Linaro OP-TEE before 3.7.0, by using inconsistent or malformed data, it is possible to call update and final cryptographic functions directly, cau…EPSS 0.87%8.8CVE-2022-46152Trustedfirmware op-tee vulnerabilityOP-TEE Trusted OS is the secure side implementation of OP-TEE project, a Trusted Execution Environment. Versions prior to 3.19.0, contain an Improper…EPSS 0.49%

Source: NIST National Vulnerability Database (record CVE-2023-41325), CISA KEV, FIRST EPSS (scores of 2026-10-02). This page is refreshed as NVD updates the record.